What is a Lesson Plan ?
A teacher should be a good planner and thinker. A lesson plan is a teachers’ detailed description of the course of instruction, or ‘learning trajectory’ for a lesson.
Teacher develops a plan to guide the class. It is related to strategy of teacher that how s/he is going to deal her/his learners. A lesson plan is the teacher’s guide for running a particular lesson, and it includes the goal, how the goal will be achieved and a way of measuring how well the goal has been achieved.
Lesson plan is a written account of what a teacher would like to have during a certain lesson or class period. It contains the concept or objective, the time period in which teacher has to deliver the chapter, teaching-learning method/ procedure, techniques and the instructional materials.
Effective Lesson Plan Features
A good lesson plan includes the timeline of classes such as when does it begin and how long it takes to cover a subject
Instructional materials and pedagogical methods to be used to achieve the learning objectives
how to connect the previously taught content with the current one, practical examples from daily life, etc.
It should also be noted that lesson plans may be revised based on the needs that arise.
Teacher should adopt several strategies before writing the lesson-plans. Before writing, teacher should be aware of the learning styles and level of learners. Teacher should try to answer these questions as;
What do I want all learners to know and be able to do at the end of this lesson ?
What will I do to cause this learning to happen, what will learners do to facilitate this learning ?
How will I assess to find out if this learning happens ?
What will I do for those who show through assessment that the learning did not take place ?
Answers of these questions help teacher in writing-up an effective lesson plan.
Lesson plan should address the following:
According to Richards (1998), a lesson plan should address the following:
Concepts to be taught and objectives to be achieved.
Time blocks, e.g., approximate time expected to be devoted to the lecture.
Procedures to be used for instructional design.
Materials needed both for the learner and the teacher.
Independent practices or learner time on task.
Evaluation, applications, and learner understanding, e.g. main questions to be asked by the teacher to check learner understanding.
The model recommended by Tyler, (1949) for effective planning should have;
Specific objectives
Selection of learning activities
Organization of learning activities
Specific evaluation procedures
Format of a Lesson Plan
Points to Remember
A teacher should keep these several important things in his mind before preparation
of any lesson plan.
Each learner is different from other learners so her/his educational needs are also different. Because of this difference their interests, needs, and skills also differ from each other. So teacher should not expect the same learning performances and behaviour patterns from every learner.
Instructional materials to be mentioned in the lesson plan must consist of reasonable items.
Teacher should recognize the parents and neighbourhood of the school and take advantage of such factors when preparing the lesson plan.
Teacher should act as he/she is the leader of the class; however should listen to the learners as well.
Teacher should encourage the learners to work individually; but should not overload the learners with too much homework.
Lesson plan should also include a backup plan explaining how the parts of the lesson plan, which cannot be realized, can be made up for.
Lesson plan must be prepared based on the intellectual level of learners.
Lesson plan must be flexible enough and not too strict.
Lesson plan should not be too short or too long.
Lesson plan should serve as guidelines for the teachers.
Title of the course and units, allocated time for each activity, instructional methods, and instructional materials need to be mentioned in the daily lesson plans.
Lesson plans serve as proofs that the teacher had implemented the activities mentioned within the daily lesson plan.
The plan for a field trip or for an experiment may be included in the daily lesson plan or attached as a supplemental document.
Conclusion
An effective lesson plan is crucial for a teacher's success in guiding and instructing learners. It serves as a detailed blueprint for each lesson, outlining the objectives, methods, materials, and evaluation procedures necessary to achieve educational goals. A well-crafted lesson plan considers the diverse learning styles and levels of students, ensuring that each individual's needs are met.
Teachers should adopt a strategic approach to lesson planning by answering key questions about learning objectives, instructional strategies, and assessment methods. Additionally, they should consider the intellectual levels of learners, ensure the plan is neither too rigid nor too lenient, and include supplementary plans for activities like field trips or experiments. This comprehensive approach ensures that lesson plans are effective, adaptable, and aligned with the educational needs of all students.
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